In The Late 20Th Century, Technology Began Advancing So

In the late 20th century, technology began advancing so quickly that entire world economies underwent extraordinary transformations in very little time. It used to be only a handful of powerful people and corporations interacting in global trade and commerce, but technology has made it so â€Å"countries like India are now able to compete for global knowledge,† giving leaders and companies the ability to work with more nations than ever before (Friedman 7). The internet has given men and women the power to connect, communicate and provide information to people across the planet in an instant. It has given people the opportunity to seek knowledge, educate themselves and single-handily play a role in the world economy. This is called†¦show more content†¦So far Thomas Friedman has identified three eras of globalization. Globalization 1.0 lasted from 1492 (when Columbus set sail to the ‘new world’) to 1800. Friedman describes this as when we â€Å"shrank th e world from a size large to a size medium† (9). This era began discovering new lands and set up trade with outside civilizations. Globalization 2.0 lasted from 1800 to 2000 when the world transformed to a â€Å"size small† due to the industrial revolution and the expansion of multinational corporations. And finally, globalization 3.0 when the world went flat because of remarkable technological advancements. Other nations, including those in the third world category, are finally able to access vast amounts of knowledge, and their previously closed off economies are now open to provide more work for their people. The economies of these nations exploded from a large labor force and exportation, but the American economy didn’t do as great. From 2000 to 2014, the share of adults living in middle-income households fell in 203 of the 229 US metropolitan areas. Global commerce has been dominated by transnational companies that do not care for individual countries, but rather cheap wages and productivity, which undeveloped nations have. Jobs that require high school diplomas, or are plain simple, are either sold off to another country or automated. Automation is the replacement of human beings with robots or machines in order to reduce salary expenses andShow MoreRelatedMedical Field Essay1353 Words   |  6 Pagessimilar to a casual visit with a personal friend. The fact of matter is that we as Americans are lucky to have designed a medical field that is easily reachable in case of an emergency. There have been many techniques developed throughout the past centuries. In recent years, it has become vital for many people to set up appointments with doctors as a monthly check up to monitor their health and well-being. 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Its products and operations include Kiosk DVD rental, online disc rental reservation, no late fee, recently released movies, and video game rental. (Hoovers) In February 2009, Coinstar Inc., who is also a leading provider of moneyRead MoreHealth Care Reform in Unavoidable Essay examples1572 Words   |  7 PagesBackound: For over a century, advocates for health care reform have attempted to change the laws of health care reform within the United States. With a few close calls and little to no change achieved the battles for health care reform and the explanations for their failures make for an interesting lesson in American history, philosophy and politics. In the late 1800’s to 1912, the federal government left matters to the states and states left them to private and charitable programs. AmericaRead MoreProhibition, and the development of the sport NASCAR NASCAR wasn’t always one of America’s1500 Words   |  6 Pagesfavorite things to watch or a multimillion-dollar sport. 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The Forest Management Free Essays

Forest management is the maintaining and management of not only the trees in the forest, but the streams, habitat, watersheds, and even the decaying trees or logs on the forest floor. Managing our forests is not only important to the wildlife, but to our future economy and way of life. We need to continue to save the Oregon forests and help the ecosystems within them because human beings are also part of the ecosystem. We will write a custom essay sample on The Forest Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now By using forest management, it can help certain species of wildlife. Some species of birds, such as the pileated woodpecker, which need large snags to build nest cavities(7). But the worst possible approach to maintaining a wide diversity of species would be to manage every acre of the forest the same way. Any change in forest habitat creates â€Å"winners† and â€Å"losers. † As forests go through natural cycles of growth, death and regeneration, species may inhabit or be absent from a given area partly in response to natural changes in the structure of trees and other forest vegetation(4). The same occurs when forest stands are managed by humans. Unless future credible research indicates otherwise, effort should be made to manage a wide range of forest structures. Maintaining diversity would be best served by using a broader range of management tools. Those would include harvesting on federal land – not simply thinning – and increasing the commitment to old-growth attributes on private forest land through techniques such as retaining large trees and snags. As long as federal lands are substantially committed to providing late successional habitat, private forest land can be substantially committed to younger, intensively managed stands, provided critical habitat characteristics are available. The federal lands make up more than 50% to 60% of the forests in Oregon(3). Because timber harvest in now dramatically reduced on federal lands, those lands represent a sizable, well distributed pool of both old-growth forests and forests that could become old-growth, providing habitat to those species associated with forests with old-growth characteristics. While a large portion of federal land is committed to sustaining species that need old-growth, the difficult question remains, how much is enough? Leaving these forests completely unharvested invites unacceptable, large-scale insect infestations and catastrophic fires(6). Because federal lands comprise nearly 50 to 60 percent of Oregon†s orests, practices on these lands have a major impact on forest-dwelling vertebrates(2). These lands are well distributed throughout the state. Private land ownership accounts for approximately 40 percent of the states forests(5). Of this private ownership, over half is in industrial ownership and the rest is held mostly by small woodland owners(7). Since 1992 harvesting on federal lands has dropped sharply. In contrast, many industrial private lands are intensively managed(6). Oregon law requires prompt replanting, and stands are often fertilized and thinned. This split ownership, in addition to diverse management practices on private lands, results in a wide range of habitat conditions. No species studied appears immediately threatened by forest practices in Oregon(3). In fact, many species are abundant. While that finding appears hopeful, it does not ensure that these will not be future problems. Current practices may not be adequate to keep the present range of species in the future. While some species thrive in the habitat provided by younger forest stands, a considerable number of species either requires, or reproduces etter, where large live trees, large cavities, and large pieces of downed wood The Oregon Forest Practice Act currently requires that some trees be retained after harvest. But the question is: how much is enough? Will trees being retained be sufficiently distributed to meet the future habitat needs of all vulnerable species? For example more than 60 species are associated with downed wood such as; fallen decaying trees or logs, 14 of them considered at risk(8). One species would be the rough skinned newt which live in and around decaying wood. Few studies to date have focused specifically on intensively anaged stands where old-growth characteristics, such as large snags and large pieces of decaying wood, are most likely to be in short supply. However, research is looking toward this need. Harvest levels in the future will likely be at least 40 percent below what could be cut on a sustainable level(1). That†s because of reduced exaggeration on timber production on federal lands. In the past, federal land provided half the states timber production, but in 1996 provided only 17 percent(2). That is the lowest level since 1934, in the depths of the Great Depression. An nderstanding of Oregon†s timberland and its importance to the state†s economic and social well being, particularly in rural areas. In Oregon, reforestation is mandatory and carefully spelled out in the Oregon Forest Practice Act, which governs all management related activities in Oregon†s privately owned forests. Private lands must be replanted within two planting seasons of harvest, and within six years of harvest, the site must be certified as free to grow, meaning the trees have topped the brush and can grow successfully. If the replanting job fails, the state can compel compliance ith the act through civil penalties, including civil court action and fines of up to $5,000(3). More than 90 percent of harvested forested acres are replanted to stocking levels that meet of exceed what is legally required. So in order to help our forests, we need to continue with what is being done today. The hard work that is being put into saving the forests habitat, the streams, and the trees themselves may not show in the short-run but will have dramatic effect in the long-run. Wood products remain an important component of Oregon†s robust economy and contribute to the long-awaited diversification of the state†s economy. How to cite The Forest Management, Essay examples

Leadership Style of Obama and Mahatma Gandhi Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Style of Obama and Mahatma Gandhi. Answer: Introduction The world famous leaders have some innate and distinctive characteristics that distinguish them from rest of the world. Along with it, the great leaders respect others, their rights, dignity and the values. It is considered as ethical leadership. Researchers and common people always certain questions regarding which traits distinguish the leaders from the crowd and whether these leadership traits can be attained. The leadership style of an individual is also dependent upon the situation. In the present, the leadership styles have evolved from autocratic and directive to participative and democratic. There are some primary characteristics that distinguish a great leader from others such as the great leaders always leave a legacy behind them and values or principles are followed even after their lives, the words of the great leaders are remembered by many generations after them and they are still relevant in their context and the great leaders are always spoken with admiration and respect (Lorg, 2007). The great leaders respect different cultures and acknowledge the major differences. It is called multicultural leadership. These leaders come from diversified backgrounds, some from very humble beginnings and some from affluent families. All the great leaders have some common characteristics like they are always ethical, focused, just, fair and humane (Gini Green, 2013). In a business environment, the leadership and the organization problems are integrated with the human psychology to find better solutions to the problems. This cross-disciplinary field is called leadership psycholo gy. The statement of purpose of the essay is, To examine the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and Barack Obama and identify whose leadership style is more relevant in the present context. Mahatma Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand Gandh) was born in 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat in a prosperous family. He trained to work as a barrister and worked for a brief period in India. However, as Gandhi was too shy to speak in court, he shifted to South Africa, wherein he was moved by the injustice with which the immigrant Indians was treated. After almost twenty years he moved back to India to protest against the British rulers and the exploitation of the Indians (Leadership Lime, 2016). Ethical Leadership: Gandhi was humanitarian, an ethical leader, he believed in non-violence and protested against racism and discrimination. The primary characteristics of Gandhi leadership style were that he was charismatic, inspirational and visionary. One of the innate characteristics of great leaders is their ethical conduct and social responsibility. The leaders always show high ethical standards and acknowledge the moral consequences of their decisions (Eisenbeiss, 2012). It is observed in the Gandhis approach of nonviolence, in which it is believed the right to live is the fundamental right of every human being and should not be breeched in any case. The idea of nonviolence is demonstrated my many scholars as the most revolutionary idea of the 21st century (McMahon, 2004). Leadership Style or Evolution of Leadership: The path-goal leadership is defined as a leadership style wherein the leadership style is focused on achieving the goals. In Gandhis speeches, the intolerable nature of the British rules was presented according to the vales of moral justification and appealing to values of the mass public. Moreover, in the Gandhis speeches the language used to stress his similarity with the followers, their worth and linking the past, present and the future and abstract themes that appealed to the public. The collective focus, aggressive and active speech resulted in mass appeal and following of Gandhi (Bligh and Robinson, 2010). The charismatic leaders often preserves most of the control and do not trust someone else easily. Therefore, this leadership style does not yield successors and visionaries. Leadership Theories: He was also a transformational leader. He was a charismatic leader. In this leadership style, the leader has a genuine concern for the welfare of the followers and has ethical values embedded in his strategies and actions. He encouraged people to follow him in public drives and protest against the discrimination in a non-violent manner. Multicultural Leadership: The revolutionary approaches and the leadership style of Mahatma Gandhi are respected through different cultures and various western countries. Gandhi posited tat cultural and language diversity are the intrinsic characteristics of India and British rule cannot discriminate the people upon its basis (Barnabas and Clifford, 2012). Equality and diversity are the major principles of Gandhi. He also stated that wit differentiation it becomes increasingly difficult for the different civilizations to coexist adjacently. The multicultural leadership style states that the leader must be able to navigate through different culture and respect them. Therefore, Gandhi was a multicultural leader (Soo, 2012). Psychology of leadership: It could be critiqued that the personality of Gandhi comes under the category of Agreeableness in the big five personality traits. It is the personality trait to be cooperative, humane, gentle and kind. It is also strongly correlated to charismatic personality and leadership style (Raad, 2000). The personality of Gandhi is characterized by his genuine appearance, half-naked which related to the common man at that time. He was fierce yet humble. Another prime aspect of his personality was his charisma and knowledge which has influenced many generations and gains followers at present also. He was empathetic, resilient, inspirational and persuasive. He believed in his purpose, has perseverance and was strategic. He adopted the strategies of non-violence and Satyagraha to fight against the British rule. The statement of purpose of the essay can be restated as, Mahatma Gandhi was a charismatic leader who adopted the path-goal leadership style. He was an ethical and multicultural leader and came under agreeableness category in leadership personality. Barack Obama Barack Obama was born in 1961 and became the 44th president of USA. He was born in Hawaii and his mother was of English ancestry whereas his father was Kenyan. 1n 1988, Obama enrolled in the law school, excelled in academics and become the president of the prestigious Harvard Law Review (Military Center, 2016). Leadership Ethics: Although President Obama did not show his leadership traits earlier, later he realized that he wants to change the world for betterment. His vision was missionary and he was persistent even when he encountered failure initially. The basic characteristics of the transformational leadership style are that it provides inspiration and influence followers to be more productive (Green and Roberts, 2012). It could be critiqued that President Obama is an ethical leader and implements ethical principles in all his actions. Recently, several actions of President Obama such as healthcare reforms, approval of gay marriage and less dependency on the foreign oil has made him an ideal leader. He is known to take personal risk for the welfare of the society and sending his message. Obama created policies in several controversial subjects that could have back-fired him which shows that he can take risk for taking correct decisions. In all the speeches of the Barack Obama, the hidden message of a comm unity is common. He uses pronouns like we and us which allows the people to identify with him and his cause (Calhoun, 2016). Leadership Theories and Evolution of Leadership: The leadership style of President Obama reflects that he is a transformational leader. In his public speeches, it can be examined that Obama is engaging and charismatic with the public. He tries to make connections with the people all across America. He is also motivating and builds relationship with the people. These characteristics of his personality clearly align him with transformational leadership style. A transformational leader is always caring and empathetic for his followers. He also takes decision in collaboration with his followers. The transformational leadership style is the leadership style that emphasizes transforming the followers. In this leadership style, the leaders are motivating towards their followers and deliver outstanding performance that inspires the followers to work be more productive, efficient (Bass and Riggio, 2006). Psychology of Leadership: In his public appearances, Obama is shown as intelligent and authentic. He is demonstrated showing intelligence in his strategic initiatives and policies. The personality traits of Barack Obama are collaboration, decisiveness, thinker, personal time, honesty, empathy and fearlessness (Advise America, 2016; Renshon, 2012). Multicultural Leadership As the President Obama is from multicultural background, he is able to relate with different cultures and respect the uniqueness and distinctiveness of each culture. Multicultural leadership is especially important in a country as culturally and ethnically diverse as the United States of America. The upbringing of President Obama in Indonesia and Hawaii made him respectful of different cultures. It is a practice of incorporating the practices and values of diverse cultures in a respectful manner (Marranis, 2016; Zennie, 2011). The statement of purpose of the essay can be restated as, Barack Obama is a transformational leader. He is an ethical and multicultural leader who is an intelligent person. Comparison These leaders have certain charisma and charm that motivate thousands of people to follow them. The leadership style of both Gandhi and Obama was quite different although both were successful in addressing their vision and objectives. In the present times, the leadership style of Obama is more relevant. Gandhi was a charismatic leader and he used his charm and persuasive skills to drive people for his vision and dreams. He believed in a free world where every person has equal opportunities and the choice to live according to his choice. This situation is also relevant at present also as the people still cannot live according to their choice. It can be depicted by the ban on gay marriages which was removed in the United States of America by President Obama. It could be understood that both the leaders were equally ethical and humane. In regard to multicultural leadership, both the leaders were effective in leading and respecting people from diversified cultural and ethnic backgrounds. However, Gandhi was inflexible which is implicit by his total exclusion of foreign equipment and device (Mahatma Gandhi, n.d.). In the present world of globalization, it is impossible to abandon the products of the rest of the world and lie in a self-sufficient manner. Another major teaching of Mahatma Gandhi was that industrialization was the major reason for the environmental degradation and will decrease the prosperity of the future generations subsequently. This teaching of Gandhi is also inapt as in the present world is globalized and heavily industrialized. As for the environmental degradation, the notion of sustainability and sustainable development is adopted. In addition to it, there are also certain disadvantages of charismatic leadership style in the present context. The charismatic leadership style is considered as a potential attribute in inspiring followers and gaining support from the mass audience. However, there are certain disadvantages associated with charismatic leadership like it puts too much reliance on the leader. As it an inspirational leadership style, the followers become too much r eliant on the leader for motivation and working. The leader has a very high responsibility for motivating the people and taking strategic initiatives to achieve his aim. It is often observed that the leaders who follow this leadership style are not able to turn their duties to other as they enjoy having control or feel that nobody else is capable of handling their duties. The organization climate or environment developed in charismatic leadership style is authorities which hinders creativity and innovation, which are essential components of success currently (Frost, 2016). In contrast to it, the transformational leadership foster innovation, creativity and inculcates the sense of independence in the team members so that maximum efficiency and productivity can be obtained. The charismatic leaders are ethical, show integrity and demonstrate a purpose to their team members to keep them motivated. In transformational leadership, the leader sets high standards of the people and achieve them himself to set an example to his followers. In the present context, the competition in every field is very high; therefore, it is important that the leader must be abl e to inspire the followers to give him maximum output which can be attained through transformational leadership. His leadership style is also more relatable to people. Conclusion Conclusively, it can be stated that every great leader has peculiar leadership style which is unique and different from others. The leadership style of a person is dependent on many factors such as personality and the upbringing of an individual. Although the primary characteristics of the leadership style of every leader are different, there are some qualities that are similar in every great leader such as quality of multiculturalism leadership and ethical leadership. All great leaders are ethical and examine the moral and the ethical outcomes of their actions. Along with it, the leaders are also able to respect and attain the best qualities of all the cultures. It has been examined in the essay that the leadership style of Mahatma Gandhi is charismatic whereas the leadership style of Barack Obama is transformational. Obama has empathy and cares for the public of the United States of America. In the present times, the leadership style of Obama is more relevant as he has taken severa l controversial yet moral initiatives for the welfare of the people. The statement of purpose of essay can be restated as, The leadership style of Obama is more relatable in the present context. References Advise America. (2016). Barack Obama Leadership Traits. [Online]. Available at: https://www.adviseamerica.com/barack-obama-leadership-traits/ [Accessed on: 22 December, 2016]. Barnabas, A. and Clifford, P.S. (2012). MAHATMA GANDHI AN INDIAN MODEL OF Bass, B.M. and Riggio, R.E. (2006). Transformational Leadership. Psychology Press. Bligh, M.C. and Robinson, J.L. (2010). Was Gandhi charismatic? Exploring the rhetorical leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. The Leadership Quarterly 2, 844-855. Calhouln, L. (2016). 5 Leadership Lessons from Obama. Inc. Com. [Online]. Available at: https://www.inc.com/lisa-calhoun/5-leadership-lessons-from-obama.html [Accessed on: 22 December, 2016]. Eisenbeiss, S.A. (2012). Re-thinking ethical leadership: An interdisciplinary integrative approach. The Leadership Quarterly 23, 791-808. Frost, S. (2016). The Disadvantages of Charismatic Leadership. Small Business Chron. [Online]. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/disadvantages-charismatic-leadership-31380.html [Accessed on: 22 December, 2016]. Gini, A., Green, R.M. (2013). Ten Virtues of Outstanding Leaders: Leadership and Character. London: John Wiley Sons. Green, D.D. and Roberts, G.E. (2012). Transformational Leadership in a Postmodern World: The Presidential Election of Barack Obama. Academy of Strategic Management Journal 11(1), 9-26. Kumar, R. (n.d.). India, Gandhi And Relevance Of His Ideas In The New World. [Online]. Available at: https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/sept0802.htm [Accessed on: 22 December, 2016]. Leadership Lime. (2016). MAHATMA GANDHI BIO. [Online]. Available at: https://www.leadershiplime.com/gandhi-bio.html [Accessed on: 22 December, 2016]. Lorg, J. (2007). The Character of Leadership: Nine Qualities that Define Great Leaders. BH Publishing Group. Marranis, D. (2016). Obamas legacy. Washington Post. [Online]. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/obama-legacy/ [Accessed on: 22 December, 2016]. McMahon, T.F. (2004). Ethical Leadership through Transforming Justice. University Press of America. Military Center. (2016). Barack Obama: Life Before the Presidency. [Online]. Available at: https://millercenter.org/president/biography/obama-life-before-the-presidency [Accessed on: 22 December, 2016]. Raad, B.D. (2000). The Big Five Personality Factors: The Psycholexical Approach to Personality. Hogrefe Huber. Renshon, S.A. (2012). Barack Obama and the Politics Of Redemption. The Montreal Review. [Online]. Available at: https://www.themontrealreview.com/2009/Barack-Obama-personality-and-the-politics-of-redemption.php [Accessed on: 22 December, 2016]. SERVANT LEADERSHIP. International Journal of Leadership Studies 7(2), pp. 133-152. Soo, J. (2012). Multicultural leadership starts from within. Harvard Business Review. [Online]. Available at: https://hbr.org/2012/01/multicultural-leadership-starts-fr [Accessed on: 22 December, 2016]. Zennie, F.M.Z. (2011). Developing Multicultural Leaders: The Journey to Leadership Success. Springer.